Abstract: Objective：To investigate the impact of sex on sepsis after ureteroscopy (URS).Method：We retrospectively enrolled 759 proximal ureteral stone patients in our hospital.The ogistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the influence of sex on postoperative sepsis.Results：In univariate analysis, female patients were more likely to develop sepsis （OR=3.498，P<0.05）.However, sex had no statistical relationship with sepsis after adjustment of urine culture.For the adjustment of other factors，the odds ratio of sex ranged from 3.010 to 3.768 （P<0.05）.Multivariate analysis showed that sex was not significantly related to postoperative sepsis while positive urine culture was significantly associated with increased sepsis rate（OR=12.042，P<0.05）.Conclusion：Female patients are more likely to develop sepsis after URS.It may be due to the high bacteriuria prevalence in female group.Therefore, a detailed urinary evaluation is needed for female patients before surgery to optimize surgical strategy to reduce the occurrence of sepsis.

Key words: ureteroscopy, sex, urinary tract infection, sepsis