Abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common malignant tumors in China.Hepatectomy continues to be one of the principal therapeutic modalities for early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma.The first elective hepatectomy was performed by Langenbuch in 1888 that marked the start of hepatic surgery.With the advances in studies on liver anatomy,in 1957，Goldsmith and colleagues proposed the concept of anatomical hepatectomy.In 1985,Makuuchi introduced the concept of anatomical subsegmentectomy.Over the past century,hepatic resection has evolved through multiple stages,including partial hepatectomy,hemi-hepatectomy,anatomical hepatectomy， anatomical subsegmentectomy and non-anatomical hepatectomy.Unfortunately,the long-term survival rates after hepatectomy of hepatocellular are still less than satisfactory.With recent development of studies on underlying liver diseases,mechanisms of hepatocarcinogenesis,and the tumor biological features of hepatocellular carcinoma,along with the breakthroughs in targeted therapy and immunotherapy for Hepatocellular carcinoma,the traditional concept of technically focused,anatomy-based hepatectomy is no longer sufficient to meet the demands of modern surgical treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma.Guided by the concept of scientific hepatectomy that combines local and systemic therapies,hepatectomy for HCC has been entered into a new era of hepatectomy with science.

Key words: 肝细胞癌, 肝切除, 肝硬化