Abstract: Colorectal cancer has a high incidence and mortality rate,and some patients do not benefit from existing treatments.Intestinal inflammation is one of the major risk factors for colorectal cancer,and an abnormal tumor immune microenvironment plays a crucial role in its occurrence and progression.As a deubiquitinating enzyme,USP11 stabilizes target proteins by removing ubiquitin molecules,thereby exerting dual roles in the antitumor immunity of colorectal cancer.USP11 enhances the specific recognition and cytotoxic function of T cells,promotes the differentiation and regulation of CD4⁺ T cells,and induces macrophage polarization.Investigating the role and regulatory mechanisms of USP11 in colorectal cancer may provide new strategies and targets for its treatment.

Key words: USP11, colorectal cancer , tumor microenvironment , immune checkpoint inhibitor