Abstract: Objective:To investigate the role of nanocarbon in the recognition of parathyroid glands in parathyroidectomy plus autograft.ethods:Seventyfour patients with uremia secondary hyperparathyroidism who underwent surgery were selected as subjects，divided into observation group（39 cases）and control group（35 cases）.Observation group took parathyroidectomy and autografting traced in nanocarbon surgery，Control group underwent conventional parathyroidectomy plus autografting；followup for 6 months，observe all patients' surgical results，pathological diagnosis，serum parathyroid hormone（PTH），serum calcium levels，complications and recurrence.Results:The postoperative symptoms of the two groups were significantly improved compared with those before surgery；the accuracy of excision of parathyroid tissue in the observation group was 100%，which was significantly higher than that in the control group（86.18%），and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）； there was no significant difference in the length of the incision and the amount of intraoperative blood loss between the two groups（P>0.05）；the operation time and postoperative hospital stay of the observation group were significantly shorter than the control group，and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）；serum PTH and serum calcium levels were significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group at 1 and 6 months after operation（P<0.05）；no recurrent laryngeal nerve injury was found in either group，in the observation group，20 cases of hypocalcemia occurred after operation，the control group showed different degrees of hypocalcemia after surgery，and was relieved after symptomatic treatment；during the followup period，the recurrence rate of the observation group was 0，which was significantly lower than that of the control group（11.43%），and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）.Conclusion:Anocarbon has an important recognition function for parathyroidectomy plus abnormal parathyroid gland during autograft transplantation，which is helpful to protect thyroid function and recurrent laryngeal nerve，it is worthy of further research and application.

Key words: secondary hyperparathyroidism, parathyroidectomy, autograft, nanocarbon