Abstract: The recent surge in incretin-based pharmacotherapies for obesity is revolutionizing metabolic and bariatric Surgery (MBS) and redefining obesity care.The clinical focus has shifted from weight loss alone to the systemic improvement of overall metabolic health.This editorial aims to provide a systematic review of the key clinical and therapeutic advances in MBS in the era of potent anti-obesity pharmacotherapy, with a focus on the qualitative evolution and standardization of surgical techniques, the elevated role of surgery in obesity management, the emergence of combined therapeutic strategies, the growing body of evidence for MBS in treating obesity-related diseases, etc.Ultimately, standardized, precise, individualized, and combined approaches to obesity management strategy is recommended, so as to enhance therapeutic outcomes and maximize benefits for patients.

Key words: incretin-based anti-obesity pharmacotherapy; metabolic and bariatric surgery; obesity