Abstract: Biliary anatomical variations are common in hepatobiliary surgery and often lead to intraoperative errors and complications.Traditional imaging techniques provide information on biliary structures but have limitations in real-time intraoperative imaging and identifying subtle variations.Indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging,a real-time intraoperative tool,enhances the identification of biliary variations,improving surgical precision and safety.This review discusses the classification of biliary anatomical variations and explores the application,optimization,and future prospects of ICG fluorescence imaging in their identification.

Key words: biliary system, anatomical variation, ICG fluorescence imaging technology