Abstract: Tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) is a rare disease caused by the formation of abnormal channels between the trachea and the esophagus due to the congenital or acquired factors.It is often misdiagnosed as a respiratory or gastrointestinal disease because of the lack of specific clinical symptoms,resulting in delayed treatment.Surgical treatment is an effective radical cure for this disease.TEF often develop pneumonia due to the repeated aspiration,leading to the decline of lung compliance,tracheomalacia,bronchomalacia and other complications,which affects the quality of life and the prognosis of children.During the operation,the ventilation of the operative side is limited due to the surgical compression.Fistula ventilation during mechanical ventilation can elevate the diaphragm.Moreover,it restricts breathing and increases the incidence of intraoperative hypoxemia and the risk of gastric rupture during the operation.Therefore,Perioperative care of TEF is a challenging.This review will summarize the strategies and progress of Perioperative care of TEF,and provide reference for clinical treatment.

Key words: children, tracheoesophageal fistula, perioperative care